Rose with the scientific name L. Rosa hybida is one of the most important and popular ornamental cut flowers in the world. Therefore, the production and purchase of roses In less time and with better quality, it is of great commercial importance. In Buying Roses One of the important measures in increasing the yield and quality of greenhouse roses is increasing the light available to the plant in cloudy and low-light weather conditions, which has a great impact on Buying Roses . Nowadays, the use of new supplementary light sources as a replacement for old light sources in buying roses and also improving the growth and development conditions of ornamental plants such as roses is of interest, and in some cases, better and more effective effects of these light sources than old light sources have been observed. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of new hybrid diode light sources in comparison with conventional and old metal halide and high-pressure sodium light sources on the morphological and physiological indicators of the Samurai rose cultivar. The effect of natural light in the cold season as a control on this plant was also investigated. Therefore, in order to determine the optimal supplemental light source for hydroponic production of cut roses of the Samurai variety, supplemental lighting with metal halide lamps, high-pressure sodium lamps, and light-emitting diodes was used to grow greenhouse roses of the Samurai variety.
Materials and Methods
This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 4 treatment groups including metal halide, high-pressure sodium, and combined light-emitting diodes compared to the control (natural sunlight) in 3 replications with 4 rose plants in each replication in the greenhouse research facility of the Faculty of Agriculture, Tehran University of Technology Isfahan and Horticultural Laboratory in 2018-2019. Morphological and biochemical traits including stem length, bud diameter, fresh and dry weight of flower stem, chlorophyll and carotenoid content, carbohydrate and anthocyanin content, and purity quality of cut rose flowers of Samurai cultivar were measured in this experiment.
Findings
Based on the results obtained, supplementary light treatments had a significant effect on morphological and physiological traits of Samurai cultivar roses at the 1% level. Compared to the control treatment, the mixed light diode treatment had the greatest effect on morphological indices of bud and flower stem diameter; Similar results were obtained in the increase of fresh and dry weight of the plant; also, the accumulation of photosynthetic pigments was highest in the combined diode light treatment. The growth light diodes were able to significantly increase the level of soluble carbohydrates and anthocyanin content compared to other treatments. By examining the flower quality index, it was found that the light diodes improved the flower appearance characteristics and the highest flower yield was in the combined diode light treatment. Among the treatments studied, the best and highest quantity and quality of cut rose buds were observed with the combined light-emitting diode treatments compared to other supplementary light treatments and the control treatment.
Conclusion
Given the favorable effects of combined light-emitting diode treatments on the quality characteristics and yield of Samurai rose cultivars, considering higher energy efficiency, longer life, and economic savings over a longer period of time in greenhouse cultivations, the use of combined light-emitting diodes in supplementary lighting of intensive cultivations is a priority. Combined diode supplementary lights are also recommended due to their significant superiority over the control and the positive role they play in improving the growth and development process of Samurai rose cultivars. Hybrid diode supplemental lighting is also recommended as an alternative to metal halide and high-pressure sodium supplemental lighting.
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